Dividend Payout Within Consumer Products Industry In Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1279 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Industry Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT There is a large volume of work in the area of dividend payout policy across many developed countries (Gugler, 2003; Kallapur, 2004; Ferris et al., 2006; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008; Engsted and Pedersen, 2010). However, less work has been done in developing countries and researchers have started to study the dividend policy, as well as the behaviour of the company within the countries (Pandey, 2003). In addition, studies that examine the dividend payout policy focus more on the general category (Kallapur, 2004; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dividend Payout Within Consumer Products Industry In Malaysia" essay for you Create order Limited work has been done in category based on industrial grouping (Ferris et al., 2006). As such, my study seeks to address the gap in literature review and thereby stresses on the dividend payout, in term of ratio and pattern of companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 2.1 RESEARCH QUESTION What is the trend of dividend payout in companies within consumer products industry in Malaysia? 2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To identify the dividend payout ratio of the consumer products industry in Malaysia and its changes across years. To determine the percentage of companies paying dividend in the consumer products industry in Malaysia. To determine the dividend payout pattern of companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. To identify if there is a difference of dividend payout ratio within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW (GAPS FILLED) There is vast literature in the area of dividend payout policy across countries including US (Gugler, 2003; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008) and non-US such as EU countries (Eije and Megginson, 2008; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Engsted and Pedersen, 2010), Japan (Ferris et al., 2006; Denis and Osobov, 2008) and Taiwan (Kallapur, 2004). The finding shows that payout policy undergoes changes and fluctuates across year, especially in the recent year of 1992 to 2004 (Renneboog and Trojanowski, 2010). According to Kallapur (2004), many studies agree that dividend payout ratio is a signal indicating the firms future growth. Firms pay attention to the consistency of dividend payout as studies show that investors put premium on the firms with stable payout policy and firms are reluctant to cut dividend (Gugler, 2003). Besides, a study by Ferris et al. (2006) shows that firm with negative earning (negative growth) in UK is less likely to pay dividend. This is consistent with the finding that dividend payout ratio is related to the firms growth. Study by Gugler (2003) reports that large firms with good investment opportunity in US are less likely to pay high dividend to the investors. However, their payout is relatively more stable and they are rarely cut down on the dividend (Allen and Michaely, 1995). Besides, study by Eije and Megginson (2008) shows that younger companies in EU are less likely to pay dividend and the payout is less than those older companies. According to Eije and Megginson (2008), dividend payout ratio has increased over years. They also report that the payout ratio in US has increased from year 1970 to year 2001, and the total dividend paid is increasing among firms in EU countries. From previous studies, Ferris et al. (2006) and Eije and Megginson (2008), find that the number of firms paying dividend in US is decreasing despite the increasing of dividend payout ratio across years. Eije and Megginson (2008) also report the same finding in EU firms and suggest that the dividend payout policies are quite similar between the two. According to Denis and Osobov (2008), the decreasing trend is driven by the failure of new listed firms to initiate payout when they are expected to do so. However, there is a contrast finding from the studies done in Taiwan and Japan. Study from Kallapur (2004) shows that dividend paying firms in Taiwan has actually increased since year 2000, while Ferris et al. (2006) reports that the percentage of firms paying dividend in Japan remains highly stable. Ferris et al. (2006) also suggests that the decreasing trend does not seem to affect Japanese firms. This is an interesting area that worth for study, especially in developing country such as Malaysia. Horngren et al. (2008) notes that dividend payout ratio different across industries and it is commonly used to compare companies in the same industry. However, there is limited work done specifically within an industry (Ferr is et al., 2006). According to International Business Center (2010), consumer products industry plays a major role in the world economy as it acts as a driver for other industries. Besides, it reports that consumer products industry contributes to the two-thirds of the world trade volume and accounts for significant portion of the gross domestic product (GDP) in many countries. As such, my study would stress on the dividend payout, in term of the ratio and pattern, of consumer products industry in Malaysia. 4.0 METHODOLOGY The methodology that will be applied has been chosen in order to obtain data and compare the dividend payout, in terms of ratio and pattern, within consumer products industry in Malaysia. 4.1 DATA COLLECTION For the purpose of this study, data will be collected using the secondary source. Annual report of respective company will be obtained from the link given in the Bursa Malaysia website. 4.2 SAMPLING FRAME The sampling frame for this study would be the public listed companies in Malaysia. The list can be obtained from Bursa Malaysia or The Star website. 4.3 SAMPLING STRATEGY For the purpose of this study, non probability purposive sampling is selected. As the study only focus on one industry, and 5 years data is assumed to show a general trend of the dividend payout, thus the sample chosen need to meet the following criteria, Companies that fall under the consumer products industry. Companies with at least 5 years of annual report available on the company website. By searching through the companies website, only 89 out of 142 companies in consumer products industry fulfill the mentioned above criteria (as in Appendix 2). 4.4 DATA ANALYSIS In this study, hybrid method (both quantitative and qualitative) will be used to analyze the data. Generally, it can be divided into 3 parts as following, For dividend payout ratio, percentage of firms paying dividend and the percentage of company using certain payout pattern, SPSS (descriptive statistic) will be used. To determine if there is a difference of dividend payout ratio among companies within the industry, SPSS (One-Sample T-Test) can be carried out as the sample size is more than 30. Yearly dividend payout ratio obtained from a) will be used as the test value in SPSS. To determine the trend of dividend payout, in term of ratio and pattern across years, qualitative method will be used as it involves more on the interpretation of data. 4.5 ROLE OF THEORY In this study, the role of theory would be theory generation. It involves the new finding of dividend payout ratio, as well as the payout pattern among companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 5.0 CONTRIBUTION EXPECTED It is intended that the finding of this study will give a clearer picture of the dividend payout in consumer products industry as it is the major contributor to the countrys economic. Besides, it can be used by potential investors that desire a certain cash flow (dividend) instead of incurring transaction cost from periodically selling shares of stock. Last but not least, it seeks to provide a better understanding for Chief Financial Officer (CFO) towards the dividend payout ratio and its pattern within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 6.0 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES Due to time constraint and limited information that is available on the website, only 5 years of annual report is obtained for this study. Thus, it is suggested that a longer time series of data, for example 10 years should be taken in future to provide a better understanding of the dividend payout in Malaysia. Besides, future researchers can study on other industries and ultimately compare the dividend payout ratio and its pattern across all industries in Malaysia.

Vietnam And Its Effects On The Country - 1015 Words

Introduction Vietnam is world’s 13th most populous country, majorly consisting of Viet and Kinh ethnic groups. Vietnam has Vietnamese as official language and some other languages exist in minority groups. Vietnam adopted â€Å"seclusion† policy which made the country isolated and faced a deep crisis which led them on brink of bankruptcy. After 1995, started globalizing and established relation with United States and Vietnam also became member of WTO in 2006. There are many aspects that helped Vietnam to grow faster. PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environmental) analysis helps in analyzing overall business opportunities and ease of doing business in country. Vietnam PESTLE analysis is as follows:- Political Vietnam is politically very stable and with one party control i.e. Communist Party, the country continues to achieve higher political stability. â€Å"Political† aspect is very important for Vietnam as the country continues to have many State Owned Enterprises (SOE) that play major roles in economy of the country. Therefore, it is important for Vietnam to have a stable government that is able to provide good governance and control over SOEs and other business activities. There are some good decisions taken by current government such as freedom of press. However, the country faces some disputes over certain matters such as Vietnam – China and U.S. – Vietnam tensions are major concerns for government. These tensions make it difficult for government toShow MoreRelatedCold War1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1990’s, the Vietnamese had a lot of conflict. America, the Soviet Union, and Vietnam were the three main countries involved in this conflict. This conflict was a built from a cold war perspective. This war created many effects on the world; some were good others were bad. It was mainly between the 2 major powers, the United States, and the Soviet Union. The conflict started during the Cold War, where the two countries were being aggravated by each others ever expanding powers. The United StatesRead MoreThe American Role During The Vietnam War Still Sparks Much Debate Today1390 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican role in the Vietnam War still sparks much debate today. There is a sharp focus on the Americans role in the Vietnam War because of the tragic end for the South Vietnamese. The United States faced much criticism world wide through literature during the war that continued after the war ended in 1975. The American governments reasoning for getting involved was to prevent the spread of communism in South Vietnam and to essentially prevent the domino effect. South Vietnam had no hope of winningRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1711 Wor ds   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars in the history of Vietnam. Vietnam use to be a peaceful country until the idea of communism started spreading across Vietnam. Many wanted to stay democratic but saw what happened to the Germans and started to lean towards communism. Many also wanted to stay democratic and still had it hopes high that it will soon get their lives and economy back on track. It later exploded into a huge argument and then leads to a civil war spurring between NorthRead MoreProblems With The Vietnamese War Veterans1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthey were treated and viewed by their fellow countrymen when they returned back home. How did it impact Countries/governments and who protested against the Vietnam War. All these question will be answered on the main paragraphs bellow. What was the problem for the Vietnamese war veterans? Problem that the Vietnamese war veterans faced was the psychological effects which was very common for Vietnam veterans to have. The main cause of this is because it was different compared to other wars in the pastRead MoreThe Vietnam War : A Close Family Friend Of Mine, By The Name Of Federico1527 Words   |  7 PagesRecollection of Vietnam War A close family friend of mine, by the name of Federico â€Å"Fred† Garcia recounts his experience and memories of the Vietnam War era. Fred was born on September 11th, 1949 in Mission, Texas. He attended all four years of high school and two years of college before making his decision to join the United States Air Force, at the age of twenty one. He began his service to the Air Force on June 8th, 1970 until January 1993, a total of twenty three years, although the Vietnam War lastedRead MoreEffects Of The Vietnam War On America1559 Words   |  7 Pages3H, Pd. 8 20 January 2015 Effects of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War is one of the most debatable and controversial wars in U.S. History. To this day people are questioning why we ever entered a war that was over 8,000 miles away. Why would we put our soldiers through such harsh fighting conditions and why would we spend so much money on a war that was not ours? Some people say that U.S. involvement was necessary to help end Communism and important to keep South Vietnam from coming under North VietnameseRead MoreThe Vietnam War On American Society932 Words   |  4 PagesFrench, accentuating the growing success and power that Vietnam held. America was calm at first as they held the belief that Vietnam would serve as a barrier to communism. Unfortunately, when communism kept spreading, America panicked. American troops were sent into Vietnam and the citizens of America were lied to about the reason for the presence of the troops in Vietnam. The years 1964 to 1975 were characterized by the negative effects of the Vietnam war on America n society and how they heightened socialRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement in Vietnam was the longest war the U.S. has ever took part in and was considered an extended military engagement due to the fact congress never formally declared war with Vietnam (FCNL). The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955 and lasted for 20 years until April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist Northern Vietnamese and the anti-communist Southern Vietnamese after the country was temporarily divided by the Geneva Accords. Americas entering of the Vietnam War proved toRead MoreThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Southern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to commu nist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was The War Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the1950s North Vietnam was controlled by the Viet Cong (a National Liberation Front.) The Viet Cong were bullying South Vietnam, trying to make them a communist. Most of society will not stand up for the weaker person in a bully situation. The United States is not most of society; they believe you mess with someone your own size. Many people have different views on the Vietnam War: was the war necessary, was the war worth all the sacrifices of American troops lives, what was the United States

Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing Free Essays

Recycling Good morning to our beloved teachers, Puan Rusni and my dear fellow friends. Standing here today,I would like to deliver a speech entitled,†Recycling. † According to the Asian Development Bank,rapid development,rising personal consumption and unprecedented levels of waste in Asia where cities will generate on estimated 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 million tonnes of rubbish per day by 2025. In Malaysia alone,we produce over 15,000 tonnes pf rubbish daily and it is a matter of time before we run out of space to dispose them. In dealing with this phenomenon,we shall discuss some of the suggestions that all of us can adapt through the process of recycling to conserve the environment. One of the ways to recycle is to sell old newspapers to the junkman who will eventually send them to the recycling centres. By selling the old newspapers,we can earn some extra money at the price of RM0. 03 per kilogramme of old newspapers. Buying recycled paper is also another option. On the average,about 17 market sized trees are felled to produce a tonne of paper or one tree is felled to produce 20 reams of A4 size paper. Today,we recognise the limits of resource demand and this is the reason why recycled paper is critical part of our aspiration for a healthy global environment. We should also use both sides of a sheet of paper because it cultivates the habit of not being wasterful while saving our earth from further deterioration. In addition,glass bottles should be recycled. The energy saved by recycling a glass container can light a 100-watt bulb for up to four hours. Avoiding the use of plastic products is another recommended way to protect our Mother Nature because plastic is non-biodegradable,it may survive as long as 700 years. Apart from that,it is indispensably necessary for us to save water and electricity as much as possible. We have to save electricity because we are running fast out of fossil fuels. The fossil fuels saved by turning off the water taps while brushing our teeth. By doing this we can save the energy used to filter purify and transport the water to the end users. On the other hand,electricity can be saved by switching off the light,television,radio and fan before leaving any rooms. This is because the primary environmental impact of electricity consumption is the production of greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. Hence,saving electricity is the key preserve our Mother Nature, Another advice that everyone ought to take head of is not to throw away leftover rice but instead,make fried rice,tamarind rice,pepper rice and yoghurt rice. This is because many poor nations of the Third World countries are suffering from famine and malnutrition due to accute shortage of food such as Mozumbigue and Sudun and Myannar. Lastly but not least,we can also use water for washing clothes to wash our parents’cars and other non-drinking purpose such as watering plants,washing toilets and mapping floors. As a conclusion,our planet is in a bad shape but most people choose to be indifferent to the effects initiated by the goverment to safeguard to dire condition of the environment. Majority of Malaysians choose to ignore the gathering storm clouds and hope the problem will magically take care of itslef. In Klang Valley,for instance,it produces more than 5000 tonnes of rubbish everyday which can cover the whole of Petronas Twin Towers,one of the tallest buildings in the world,in ten days and this is the reason why we must reduce,reuse and recycle. Whether the planet lives or dies,it depends on us and so,everyone plays a significant role by starting to recycle even from homes because a small change in behaviour has a measurable impact on our Earth. Thank you for lending me your ears. I hope all of you are benefited from my speech today. How to cite Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing, Essay examples

Project Methodology And How It Serves In The Project Management

Question: Project Methodology And How It Serves In Project Management? Answer: Introducation The methodology is considered as an important model which administers for the employing the designing, planning and the proper implementation of the project. The specification is based on building the adaptive project framework that will help in easy access with team communication and setting the member skills, people and interaction. Through this, there is a possibility where the project managers are able to deliver the proper frameworks, processes and the standards. This works on the full stack methodology framework with certain forms of the themes. They are important for the clients and the projects where there is a need for the collaboration to iteratively deliver the works. (Chong et al., 2016). The methodology is based on the timeline, cost, roles and responsibilities of the participants and the stakeholders. This works on the pre-planning, conceptual designing, schematic processes with the well-defined projects that would help in setting more ambiguities and risks. The product based planning is considered as structured approach that is marketing on identifying all the products with the output oriented form rather than any of the activity or the task oriented structures. Methodologies: compare, analysing the similarities and differences The SDLC is considered as the development life cycle for the information system, to describe the processes with proper planning, testing and deploying the information. Here, it applies with the agile to iterative sequential methodologies where the focus is on the lightweight processes that allow for the rapid change. (De Bekker et al., 2017). The expansion like XP and Scrum focus on the Rational Unified process with the focus on the limited structure and planning. The SDLC focus on the phases which are for the investigation, analysis, designing, building and testing for proper implementation, maintenance and support. Through this, there are technologies which works on the collection of solution where there is a preliminary analysis to handle the alternative solutions with proper costs and benefits. The agile method includes the collaborative forms and the continuous improvement which will be able to work on the software development frameworks as well. The check is on the individuals and interactions with proper working software, easy collaboration with the customer and responding to the changes for following the plans. There is software with customer collaboration and focusing on the involvement with the customer where there is a possibility of the continuous delivery of the valuable software as well. Through this, it is easy to maintain the sustainable development with the proper design and requirements. Methodologies relate to the project life cycle (PLC) The SDLC is one of the important project management method that includes the planning with the agile approach based on the incremented and the iterative forms of the delivery. The project need to handle the large works with proper planning so that they are executed depending on the requirement. The requirements are considered as important with the proper work and plan to adapt to the different changes through designing, implementation, testing and setting with the maintenance. (Sharma et al., 2017). The SDLC approach is mainly to focus on how the technology is able to bring the documented and clear results with no additional value that is gained from agile. This approach also works with better and predictable end results for the budget and the timeline. The agile works with the project life cycle where there is a possibility to focus on the planning, execution and the evaluation of the programs. Through this, there are easy situations to adapt to the change in work, with maintaining the adequacy and ongoing communication. They are for the short-term delivery cycles with the agile requirements based on the dynamic team Finance, setting less restrictive control on the project and focusing on the real time communication. Agile network also includes the customer representatives with the available for the developers to focus on product development. The iteration with functionality includes the measure of progress with quality focus on the techniques like continuous integration, automated forms of the unit testing and the test-driven development. References Chong, U., Hopkins, O. (2016). An international experience on the evolution of road costs during the project life cycle.Transport Policy,48, 60-66 managemet. de Bekker-Grob, E. W., Berlin, C., Levitan, B., Raza, K., Christoforidi, K., Cleemput, I., ... Hansson, M. G. (2017). Giving Patients Preferences a Voice in Medical Treatment Life Cycle: The PREFER PublicPrivate Project. Sharma, A., Misra, P. K. (2017). Aspects of Enhancing Security in Software Development Life Cycle.Advances in Computational Sciences and Technology,10(2), 203-210.