Nineteenth Century Europe: Autonomy and Responsibility Essay -- Essays

Nineteenth Century Europe: Autonomy and Responsibility In the nineteenth century, many changes were occurring throughout Europe. Many of these changes focused on the individual, which was an important aspect of European society. However, many changes also focused on the individuals responsibility to the nation. During this time, many individuals demonstrated their right to self-government through political systems such as liberalism, while also showing their loyalty to the nation through movements of nationalism and imperialism. During the time when Europeans became focused on the self, rather than society as a whole, liberals began to surface. Liberals promoted a limited government and desired to protect the rights of the individual. Liberalism was an autonomous political system, meaning the people believed they had the right or power of self-government. Liberals favored equality before the law for all citizens, religious toleration, and freedom of the press.1 During this period it was more important that the rights and duties of the people were acknowledged by the government, rather than the government focusing solely on gaining money and power. Many advancements were made during the nineteenth century that improved the self governing system that Europe desired. The Second Industrial Revolution occurred during which the agricultural and industrial world developed, improving the standard of living. Many Europeans began migrating to cities with the hopes of finding better jobs and better lives. The standard of living greatly improved and the autonomous system of liberalism prospered. As more and more individuals began focusing on their rights and duties as individuals, they also began focusing on their res... ...Western Civilization, 168. 6 War and Civilizationà ® in Rogers, Aspects of Western Civilization, 180. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliography Smith, Helmut Walser. German Nationalism and Religious Conflict: Culture, Ideology, Politics, 1870-1914. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995. This book explores the relationship between religion and the national identity of Germany. In particular it touches on the conflict between Protestants and Catholics as Germany strove to create its own liberal identity. Smith also provides an analysis of the social, cultural, and political dimensions of German life. Finally, Smith explores the role of political Protestantism and the nature of the national identity in Germany today.

Presence of Illuminati Through Ideologies Essay

Final Draft: Presence of Illuminati through Ideologies The term â€Å"Illuminati† has been frequently used by historians in the past millennium to name secretive groups that existed and operated during the past few centuries. One of the more important secretive groups and the most famous Illuminati group until date were known as the Bavarian Illuminati although today it is simply known as â€Å"The Illuminati†. According to a source, it was founded in 1776 by a group of intellectual, European-based scientists, also known as freethinkers, during the Enlightenment era as a result of demoralization by religious factions of their belief that scientific ideologies could exist side-by-side with different religious teachings (â€Å"Illuminati†, n. d. ). Of the religious factions that somewhat stood against science, the Vatican City’s Catholic Church is thought to have continuously oppressed advances in the scientific field by these European-based scientists and hence contributed largely in the formation of an Illuminati fraternity whose members solely believed in scientific logic. Barkun (2003) believes the Illuminati existed for a small period in time, roughly eleven years, before being brought down due to infiltration among themselves by the Bavarian government in the year 1787. Yet, because of the secrecy and infiltration among regional governments the Illuminati were known for, many people believed and still believe in their rather peak period after their supposed downfall. Illuminati ideologies like science over religion and total world control on upper hierarchy by single entity unknowingly being part of our systems can result in too much authority to the group that no longer includes only scientists but also highly powerful people. According to Stone (2004), present day influential bankers, industrialists(-1-) nd statesman situated in the Western Europe and North American regions follow Illuminati ideologies that affect most of the other countries in the world excluding very few Islamic countries and China who have been able to only just resist the influence. Many theories have come up stating that the Illuminati was able to gradually infiltrate the higher levels of Free Masons, another secrecy group, whose lower hierarchy was and is popular with the pu blic, perhaps to gain some sort of insulation. In fact, it can be noticed in western-based education systems in the world today where science and scientific logic is more often than not given more importance than different religious perspectives. Opponents of this point argue that religion in general is understood and practiced by a very large number people side-by side with scientific studies and logic. These people deem scientific logic as still very young in comparison to religious logic and that science has ever since been changing not only in terms of developing new things but also in terms of modifying old findings while religion does not seem to go against itself. Although it is true that religion is practiced by a very large number of people, the fact that it is not promoted enough in educational institutes influenced by western-based education (-2-) systems in comparison to science today shows how the ideology of science over religion has slowly sneaked into the education sector itself. It can be seen that in places where science and western-based education systems are flourishing, a lot of people tend to look at everything based on the scientific logic and are gradually deviating from religious teachings that are mostly only inherited from parents today without them really knowing about it. Stone (2004) had once said in one of his articles that through control of institutes of higher studies, the western primary, secondary and tertiary education systems will be influenced by the authority of science. According to another writer known as Bradshaw, David Tappan, a professor of Divinity at Harvard, had once warned the college’s students of the extent of influence Illuminati agents had in the newly created United States of America (2003). Tappan had also talked about how one of the main aims of these influential people was to gain total control over the direction of education in the States. We can see in our small history how education of any type or in any field has played a very important role in the world when it comes to developing peoples’ minds and somewhat molding their way of thinking. Add to this the main idea of the article â€Å"Rising above the Storm: Science Education in the 21st Century,† that increase in science education is the key for the future of the U. S. economy and that the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) should work to increase promotion of science in western-based education systems (n. d. ) and we can see how influence of science over religion is greater than ever through these education systems that are already science-based increasing the likeliness of Illuminati presence. Another Illuminatist ideology is that of infiltration among governments. Opponents of this ideology believe that the representatives of the Illuminati are merely highly publicized for(-3-) nfiltration among many North American and Western Europe governments and gain of power to affect world decisions perhaps due to the Illuminati’s background of successful infiltrations among many governments in the past. They use the point that we live in a world of many strong democratic nations with some nations still continuing to be under sovereign rule today to argue that it is highly unlikely that the Illuminatists are able to infiltrate governmen ts today. They also argue that even if they somehow manage to do so, they will not be able to influence any final decision-making due to the fact that so many government policies and rules are in place in each country to facilitate decision-making and that it seems far-fetched to think that such strong governments not only have been infiltrated by a few people but also have lost too much authority or power in making important decisions among each of the nations. With so many nations becoming democratic, we can see how easy it has become for Illuminatists to infiltrate other governments through the spread of democratic policies and get closer to achieving enough power to affect the entire world’s decisions making the likely or eventual existence of the Illuminati a possibility indeed. Examples of a few events that were against the beliefs of many democratic nations but yet took place are the forceful formation of the Jewish nation of Israel and the creation of region-based trading blocs’ side-by-side with promotion of free trade. Creation of a region-based trading bloc binds its regional country members into some sort of a single empire or one country and affects in the sense that it causes sudden changes to the way people in individual countries used to work and trade with other regional and non-regional countries. A third Illuminatist ideology is that of collecting real or natural wealth through the private banking sector. Banking is not something new but the ways banks function has always been changing in the course of our history. Private interest-rate banking was also another centuries old development but became increasingly popular among the general public from the late 18th century as a mode of safely storing and easily trading accumulated natural wealth such as gold and rare metals through paper receipts commonly known to us today as money or(-5-) currency. These receipts, initially basically used to replace unnecessary physical transactions of gold and metals, are now looked upon as a symbol of wealth. Since this operational system of storing real wealth and giving out receipts allows for easy movement and calculation of wealth which in turn results in quicker bank-related transactions, private banking is thought to have played a huge role role in economic development of many nations. From the average individual bank user to the big businesses and bankers themselves comprises a large group of ardent supporters of private banking and they undoubtedly argue in favor of private interest-rate banking. Their point of argument is based on the basic idea that private banking is the competitive and essential sector of banking where private firms compete against each other with the main aim of making huge profits and so it is very difficult if not impossible for followers of Illuminati ideology of natural wealth collection to use private interest-rate banking to their advantage and affect world economies. There is no doubt that wealth transfer has been made easy through banking but this has happened at the replacement of natural reserves of gold, oil and land with paper and electronic money/currency for economic transactions. All Illuminati ideologies lead to the main aim of gradual formation of a single entity, more commonly known as â€Å"New World Order† (NWO), by controlling positions in the upper hierarchy of each country’s ruling body through the spread of organizations in support of democratic policies, the removal of sovereignty and the creation of international organizations such as United Nations and hence affecting the individual people negatively.

Essay on Colonial Oppression of Women - 1123 Words

Colonial and Postcolonial debates along with the issues of Feminism have always been challenging discourses. The present day world with the constant cultural encounters and clashes as well as the ideas regarding pluralism and multiculturalism motivates a curiosity on the part of the onlooker to search the answer to the question who is who in todays world when there is a continuous struggle between different countries not only politically and militarily but also culturally. In this situation the division of the world to First, Second and Third World countries also provides the opportunity and justifies the movements of some countries against some others while encourages different definitions for words such as tradition, modernity and†¦show more content†¦The fact that the colonial oppression affects the lives of women both socially and economically has motivated sensitivity in the critics and sociologists to have a different look at women exploitation and open up a new column in postcolonial studies that includes feminist debates. In the 1980s a series of feminist critics including Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Gayatri Spivak began to sense that Western feminism was rooted in bourgeois, euro-centric prejudice which had to be remedied in order to avoid continued neglect of Third World Women. They were basically critical of regarding all women as a homogenous group without taking into account inevitable differences in ethnicity and circumstance. The undeniable reality that colonial oppression affected men and women in different ways should be recognized as females were often subjected to what has been called a double colonization, whereby they were oppressed not only for their position as colonized people but also as women. This same fact therefore necessitates opening up a new field in feminist studies to take into account the Third World Women and their positions and problems. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, among other critics in literary theory and postcolo nial studies, in an unsettling voice. She has described herself as practical deconstructionist feminist Marxist. Her earliest important work was her introduction to and translation of Jacque Derridas Of Grammatology (1977). Almost fromShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem My Mother Breed By Anita Desai1701 Words   |  7 Pagesin a cultural mosaic that recognizes the alliance between water and women. 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These stories are set in post-colonial North Africa in Morocco and Tunisia respectively to intended read by the members of the authors’ society. In the red spot, the protagonist is forced to marry a distant relative by the choice of her mother. During the story, the author’s opinions of oppression and lack of freedom is revealed. In contrast to Lif e on the edge, the father punishes his family members for losingRead MoreColonialism Of Film And Literature Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesSenegalese war film. Both these films depict the struggle between the colonizers and the oppressed. Themes portrayed in the movies are women’s roles, the Islamic faith, and modernity in Tjoet Nja’ Dhien and racial identity, inequality, and cultural oppression in Camp de Thiaroye. Two works of literature that support the themes in these movies are Child of All Nations and God’s Bits of Wood. 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Some of these events are early slavery in the wester n world, the treatment of women in early American society, and how the Caribbean civilization was treated by the French. According to Orwell, â€Å"The language of oppression is a universal phenomenon, it exist in every society and the society determines its nature and form† (2223). Since the beginning of the

Dividend Payout Within Consumer Products Industry In Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1279 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Industry Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT There is a large volume of work in the area of dividend payout policy across many developed countries (Gugler, 2003; Kallapur, 2004; Ferris et al., 2006; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008; Engsted and Pedersen, 2010). However, less work has been done in developing countries and researchers have started to study the dividend policy, as well as the behaviour of the company within the countries (Pandey, 2003). In addition, studies that examine the dividend payout policy focus more on the general category (Kallapur, 2004; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dividend Payout Within Consumer Products Industry In Malaysia" essay for you Create order Limited work has been done in category based on industrial grouping (Ferris et al., 2006). As such, my study seeks to address the gap in literature review and thereby stresses on the dividend payout, in term of ratio and pattern of companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 2.1 RESEARCH QUESTION What is the trend of dividend payout in companies within consumer products industry in Malaysia? 2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To identify the dividend payout ratio of the consumer products industry in Malaysia and its changes across years. To determine the percentage of companies paying dividend in the consumer products industry in Malaysia. To determine the dividend payout pattern of companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. To identify if there is a difference of dividend payout ratio within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW (GAPS FILLED) There is vast literature in the area of dividend payout policy across countries including US (Gugler, 2003; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008) and non-US such as EU countries (Eije and Megginson, 2008; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Engsted and Pedersen, 2010), Japan (Ferris et al., 2006; Denis and Osobov, 2008) and Taiwan (Kallapur, 2004). The finding shows that payout policy undergoes changes and fluctuates across year, especially in the recent year of 1992 to 2004 (Renneboog and Trojanowski, 2010). According to Kallapur (2004), many studies agree that dividend payout ratio is a signal indicating the firms future growth. Firms pay attention to the consistency of dividend payout as studies show that investors put premium on the firms with stable payout policy and firms are reluctant to cut dividend (Gugler, 2003). Besides, a study by Ferris et al. (2006) shows that firm with negative earning (negative growth) in UK is less likely to pay dividend. This is consistent with the finding that dividend payout ratio is related to the firms growth. Study by Gugler (2003) reports that large firms with good investment opportunity in US are less likely to pay high dividend to the investors. However, their payout is relatively more stable and they are rarely cut down on the dividend (Allen and Michaely, 1995). Besides, study by Eije and Megginson (2008) shows that younger companies in EU are less likely to pay dividend and the payout is less than those older companies. According to Eije and Megginson (2008), dividend payout ratio has increased over years. They also report that the payout ratio in US has increased from year 1970 to year 2001, and the total dividend paid is increasing among firms in EU countries. From previous studies, Ferris et al. (2006) and Eije and Megginson (2008), find that the number of firms paying dividend in US is decreasing despite the increasing of dividend payout ratio across years. Eije and Megginson (2008) also report the same finding in EU firms and suggest that the dividend payout policies are quite similar between the two. According to Denis and Osobov (2008), the decreasing trend is driven by the failure of new listed firms to initiate payout when they are expected to do so. However, there is a contrast finding from the studies done in Taiwan and Japan. Study from Kallapur (2004) shows that dividend paying firms in Taiwan has actually increased since year 2000, while Ferris et al. (2006) reports that the percentage of firms paying dividend in Japan remains highly stable. Ferris et al. (2006) also suggests that the decreasing trend does not seem to affect Japanese firms. This is an interesting area that worth for study, especially in developing country such as Malaysia. Horngren et al. (2008) notes that dividend payout ratio different across industries and it is commonly used to compare companies in the same industry. However, there is limited work done specifically within an industry (Ferr is et al., 2006). According to International Business Center (2010), consumer products industry plays a major role in the world economy as it acts as a driver for other industries. Besides, it reports that consumer products industry contributes to the two-thirds of the world trade volume and accounts for significant portion of the gross domestic product (GDP) in many countries. As such, my study would stress on the dividend payout, in term of the ratio and pattern, of consumer products industry in Malaysia. 4.0 METHODOLOGY The methodology that will be applied has been chosen in order to obtain data and compare the dividend payout, in terms of ratio and pattern, within consumer products industry in Malaysia. 4.1 DATA COLLECTION For the purpose of this study, data will be collected using the secondary source. Annual report of respective company will be obtained from the link given in the Bursa Malaysia website. 4.2 SAMPLING FRAME The sampling frame for this study would be the public listed companies in Malaysia. The list can be obtained from Bursa Malaysia or The Star website. 4.3 SAMPLING STRATEGY For the purpose of this study, non probability purposive sampling is selected. As the study only focus on one industry, and 5 years data is assumed to show a general trend of the dividend payout, thus the sample chosen need to meet the following criteria, Companies that fall under the consumer products industry. Companies with at least 5 years of annual report available on the company website. By searching through the companies website, only 89 out of 142 companies in consumer products industry fulfill the mentioned above criteria (as in Appendix 2). 4.4 DATA ANALYSIS In this study, hybrid method (both quantitative and qualitative) will be used to analyze the data. Generally, it can be divided into 3 parts as following, For dividend payout ratio, percentage of firms paying dividend and the percentage of company using certain payout pattern, SPSS (descriptive statistic) will be used. To determine if there is a difference of dividend payout ratio among companies within the industry, SPSS (One-Sample T-Test) can be carried out as the sample size is more than 30. Yearly dividend payout ratio obtained from a) will be used as the test value in SPSS. To determine the trend of dividend payout, in term of ratio and pattern across years, qualitative method will be used as it involves more on the interpretation of data. 4.5 ROLE OF THEORY In this study, the role of theory would be theory generation. It involves the new finding of dividend payout ratio, as well as the payout pattern among companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 5.0 CONTRIBUTION EXPECTED It is intended that the finding of this study will give a clearer picture of the dividend payout in consumer products industry as it is the major contributor to the countrys economic. Besides, it can be used by potential investors that desire a certain cash flow (dividend) instead of incurring transaction cost from periodically selling shares of stock. Last but not least, it seeks to provide a better understanding for Chief Financial Officer (CFO) towards the dividend payout ratio and its pattern within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 6.0 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES Due to time constraint and limited information that is available on the website, only 5 years of annual report is obtained for this study. Thus, it is suggested that a longer time series of data, for example 10 years should be taken in future to provide a better understanding of the dividend payout in Malaysia. Besides, future researchers can study on other industries and ultimately compare the dividend payout ratio and its pattern across all industries in Malaysia.

Vietnam And Its Effects On The Country - 1015 Words

Introduction Vietnam is world’s 13th most populous country, majorly consisting of Viet and Kinh ethnic groups. Vietnam has Vietnamese as official language and some other languages exist in minority groups. Vietnam adopted â€Å"seclusion† policy which made the country isolated and faced a deep crisis which led them on brink of bankruptcy. After 1995, started globalizing and established relation with United States and Vietnam also became member of WTO in 2006. There are many aspects that helped Vietnam to grow faster. PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environmental) analysis helps in analyzing overall business opportunities and ease of doing business in country. Vietnam PESTLE analysis is as follows:- Political Vietnam is politically very stable and with one party control i.e. Communist Party, the country continues to achieve higher political stability. â€Å"Political† aspect is very important for Vietnam as the country continues to have many State Owned Enterprises (SOE) that play major roles in economy of the country. Therefore, it is important for Vietnam to have a stable government that is able to provide good governance and control over SOEs and other business activities. There are some good decisions taken by current government such as freedom of press. However, the country faces some disputes over certain matters such as Vietnam – China and U.S. – Vietnam tensions are major concerns for government. These tensions make it difficult for government toShow MoreRelatedCold War1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1990’s, the Vietnamese had a lot of conflict. 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The American governments reasoning for getting involved was to prevent the spread of communism in South Vietnam and to essentially prevent the domino effect. South Vietnam had no hope of winningRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1711 Wor ds   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars in the history of Vietnam. Vietnam use to be a peaceful country until the idea of communism started spreading across Vietnam. Many wanted to stay democratic but saw what happened to the Germans and started to lean towards communism. Many also wanted to stay democratic and still had it hopes high that it will soon get their lives and economy back on track. It later exploded into a huge argument and then leads to a civil war spurring between NorthRead MoreProblems With The Vietnamese War Veterans1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthey were treated and viewed by their fellow countrymen when they returned back home. How did it impact Countries/governments and who protested against the Vietnam War. 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Unfortunately, when communism kept spreading, America panicked. American troops were sent into Vietnam and the citizens of America were lied to about the reason for the presence of the troops in Vietnam. The years 1964 to 1975 were characterized by the negative effects of the Vietnam war on America n society and how they heightened socialRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement in Vietnam was the longest war the U.S. has ever took part in and was considered an extended military engagement due to the fact congress never formally declared war with Vietnam (FCNL). The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955 and lasted for 20 years until April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist Northern Vietnamese and the anti-communist Southern Vietnamese after the country was temporarily divided by the Geneva Accords. Americas entering of the Vietnam War proved toRead MoreThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Southern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to commu nist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was The War Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the1950s North Vietnam was controlled by the Viet Cong (a National Liberation Front.) The Viet Cong were bullying South Vietnam, trying to make them a communist. Most of society will not stand up for the weaker person in a bully situation. The United States is not most of society; they believe you mess with someone your own size. Many people have different views on the Vietnam War: was the war necessary, was the war worth all the sacrifices of American troops lives, what was the United States

Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing Free Essays

Recycling Good morning to our beloved teachers, Puan Rusni and my dear fellow friends. Standing here today,I would like to deliver a speech entitled,†Recycling. † According to the Asian Development Bank,rapid development,rising personal consumption and unprecedented levels of waste in Asia where cities will generate on estimated 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 million tonnes of rubbish per day by 2025. In Malaysia alone,we produce over 15,000 tonnes pf rubbish daily and it is a matter of time before we run out of space to dispose them. In dealing with this phenomenon,we shall discuss some of the suggestions that all of us can adapt through the process of recycling to conserve the environment. One of the ways to recycle is to sell old newspapers to the junkman who will eventually send them to the recycling centres. By selling the old newspapers,we can earn some extra money at the price of RM0. 03 per kilogramme of old newspapers. Buying recycled paper is also another option. On the average,about 17 market sized trees are felled to produce a tonne of paper or one tree is felled to produce 20 reams of A4 size paper. Today,we recognise the limits of resource demand and this is the reason why recycled paper is critical part of our aspiration for a healthy global environment. We should also use both sides of a sheet of paper because it cultivates the habit of not being wasterful while saving our earth from further deterioration. In addition,glass bottles should be recycled. The energy saved by recycling a glass container can light a 100-watt bulb for up to four hours. Avoiding the use of plastic products is another recommended way to protect our Mother Nature because plastic is non-biodegradable,it may survive as long as 700 years. Apart from that,it is indispensably necessary for us to save water and electricity as much as possible. We have to save electricity because we are running fast out of fossil fuels. The fossil fuels saved by turning off the water taps while brushing our teeth. By doing this we can save the energy used to filter purify and transport the water to the end users. On the other hand,electricity can be saved by switching off the light,television,radio and fan before leaving any rooms. This is because the primary environmental impact of electricity consumption is the production of greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. Hence,saving electricity is the key preserve our Mother Nature, Another advice that everyone ought to take head of is not to throw away leftover rice but instead,make fried rice,tamarind rice,pepper rice and yoghurt rice. This is because many poor nations of the Third World countries are suffering from famine and malnutrition due to accute shortage of food such as Mozumbigue and Sudun and Myannar. Lastly but not least,we can also use water for washing clothes to wash our parents’cars and other non-drinking purpose such as watering plants,washing toilets and mapping floors. As a conclusion,our planet is in a bad shape but most people choose to be indifferent to the effects initiated by the goverment to safeguard to dire condition of the environment. Majority of Malaysians choose to ignore the gathering storm clouds and hope the problem will magically take care of itslef. In Klang Valley,for instance,it produces more than 5000 tonnes of rubbish everyday which can cover the whole of Petronas Twin Towers,one of the tallest buildings in the world,in ten days and this is the reason why we must reduce,reuse and recycle. Whether the planet lives or dies,it depends on us and so,everyone plays a significant role by starting to recycle even from homes because a small change in behaviour has a measurable impact on our Earth. Thank you for lending me your ears. I hope all of you are benefited from my speech today. How to cite Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing, Essay examples

Project Methodology And How It Serves In The Project Management

Question: Project Methodology And How It Serves In Project Management? Answer: Introducation The methodology is considered as an important model which administers for the employing the designing, planning and the proper implementation of the project. The specification is based on building the adaptive project framework that will help in easy access with team communication and setting the member skills, people and interaction. Through this, there is a possibility where the project managers are able to deliver the proper frameworks, processes and the standards. This works on the full stack methodology framework with certain forms of the themes. They are important for the clients and the projects where there is a need for the collaboration to iteratively deliver the works. (Chong et al., 2016). The methodology is based on the timeline, cost, roles and responsibilities of the participants and the stakeholders. This works on the pre-planning, conceptual designing, schematic processes with the well-defined projects that would help in setting more ambiguities and risks. The product based planning is considered as structured approach that is marketing on identifying all the products with the output oriented form rather than any of the activity or the task oriented structures. Methodologies: compare, analysing the similarities and differences The SDLC is considered as the development life cycle for the information system, to describe the processes with proper planning, testing and deploying the information. Here, it applies with the agile to iterative sequential methodologies where the focus is on the lightweight processes that allow for the rapid change. (De Bekker et al., 2017). The expansion like XP and Scrum focus on the Rational Unified process with the focus on the limited structure and planning. The SDLC focus on the phases which are for the investigation, analysis, designing, building and testing for proper implementation, maintenance and support. Through this, there are technologies which works on the collection of solution where there is a preliminary analysis to handle the alternative solutions with proper costs and benefits. The agile method includes the collaborative forms and the continuous improvement which will be able to work on the software development frameworks as well. The check is on the individuals and interactions with proper working software, easy collaboration with the customer and responding to the changes for following the plans. There is software with customer collaboration and focusing on the involvement with the customer where there is a possibility of the continuous delivery of the valuable software as well. Through this, it is easy to maintain the sustainable development with the proper design and requirements. Methodologies relate to the project life cycle (PLC) The SDLC is one of the important project management method that includes the planning with the agile approach based on the incremented and the iterative forms of the delivery. The project need to handle the large works with proper planning so that they are executed depending on the requirement. The requirements are considered as important with the proper work and plan to adapt to the different changes through designing, implementation, testing and setting with the maintenance. (Sharma et al., 2017). The SDLC approach is mainly to focus on how the technology is able to bring the documented and clear results with no additional value that is gained from agile. This approach also works with better and predictable end results for the budget and the timeline. The agile works with the project life cycle where there is a possibility to focus on the planning, execution and the evaluation of the programs. Through this, there are easy situations to adapt to the change in work, with maintaining the adequacy and ongoing communication. They are for the short-term delivery cycles with the agile requirements based on the dynamic team Finance, setting less restrictive control on the project and focusing on the real time communication. Agile network also includes the customer representatives with the available for the developers to focus on product development. The iteration with functionality includes the measure of progress with quality focus on the techniques like continuous integration, automated forms of the unit testing and the test-driven development. References Chong, U., Hopkins, O. (2016). An international experience on the evolution of road costs during the project life cycle.Transport Policy,48, 60-66 managemet. de Bekker-Grob, E. W., Berlin, C., Levitan, B., Raza, K., Christoforidi, K., Cleemput, I., ... Hansson, M. G. (2017). Giving Patients Preferences a Voice in Medical Treatment Life Cycle: The PREFER PublicPrivate Project. Sharma, A., Misra, P. K. (2017). Aspects of Enhancing Security in Software Development Life Cycle.Advances in Computational Sciences and Technology,10(2), 203-210.